Manufacturing
Glossary

Review the drawing, material, annual demand, release quantity, cosmetic requirements and critical characteristics.

• Sheet Metal

We review your CAD, drawing, material, thickness, quantity, finish, hardware and acceptance requirements.

• Sheet Metal

Machining in which tool movement is primarily controlled along two axes.

• CNC Machining

Bend allowance, tooling access, feature placement, joining methods and manufacturing sequence are checked before release.

• Sheet Metal

Develop the tooling strategy around strip layout, forming sequence, tonnage, material flow, springback, burr direction and expected tool life.

• Sheet Metal

Determine pretreatment, masking, coating thickness and process sequence with machining, welding, heat treatment and assembly.

• Surface Finishing

CNC milling where multiple X-Y features can be machined at different Z depths without simultaneous three-dimensional tool motion.

• CNC Machining

A technical drawing containing dimensions, tolerances, notes, material requirements and manufacturing specifications.

• Engineering & Design

Another term for two-component or two-shot molding.

• Injection Molding

CNC machining using linear X, Y and Z motion. It is commonly used for plates, housings, brackets, pockets and other relatively accessible geometries.

• CNC Machining

CNC machining using linear movement along the X, Y and Z axes. It is widely used for relatively simple prismatic components.

• CNC Machining

Color chips, texture samples or first articles can be reviewed when appearance requires an agreed reference.

• Surface Finishing

Parts move through cutting, forming, welding, hardware installation and finishing under controlled drawing revisions.

• Sheet Metal

Build and try out the tooling, produce initial samples and verify critical dimensions and forming performance before production approval.

• Sheet Metal

A five-axis machining method where two rotary axes position the workpiece or tool before machining continues with three linear axes.

• CNC Machining

A digital three-dimensional representation of a component used for design, manufacturing programming and inspection planning.

• Engineering & Design

An additive manufacturing process that creates physical parts from digital models by building material layer by layer.

• 3D Printing

3D scanning is a verification concept used to translate requirements into measurable manufacturing evidence. A useful specification defines what is checked, by which method, at what frequency and against which acceptance limit.

• Quality & Inspection

Sanding, polishing, painting, blasting and other post-processing options depending on printing material and process.

• Sheet Metal

CNC machining that adds one rotary axis to conventional three-axis movement.

• CNC Machining

Machining that adds a rotary axis to conventional three-axis movement, allowing multiple sides or cylindrical features to be machined with fewer setups.

• CNC Machining

Critical dimensions, bend angles, hole positions, hardware, weld condition, cosmetic surfaces and assembly fit are verified against agreed requirements.

• Sheet Metal

Parts move through the specified finishing route under controlled drawing and lot requirements.

• Surface Finishing

Control material lots, press parameters, tooling condition and in-process inspection throughout repeat production.

• Sheet Metal

Complex joint housings, lightweight structures, end-effector bodies and parts requiring multiple critical features in fewer setups.

• CNC Machining

CNC machining where the cutting tool can approach the workpiece from multiple directions using three linear and two rotary axes.

• CNC Machining

Five-axis machining in which all five controlled axes can move simultaneously during cutting.

• CNC Machining

Appearance, coating thickness, masking, critical dimensions and agreed test requirements are verified before release.

• Surface Finishing

Complete final inspection, required documentation, packaging and repeat-order production records.

• Sheet Metal

10,000+ describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

15-5 PH is a precipitation-hardening stainless steel developed for high strength, good transverse toughness and useful corrosion resistance. It is commonly machined in the solution-treated condition and age hardened to conditions such as H900 or H1025 for aerospace, valve, shaft and high-load mechanical components.

• Materials

17-4 PH is a chromium-nickel-copper precipitation-hardening stainless steel that combines high strength, moderate corrosion resistance and predictable heat treatment. It is widely used for shafts, valve parts, tooling and aerospace or industrial hardware, with final properties determined by the selected aging condition.

• Materials

20+ surface finish options is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

AISI 1018 is a low-carbon steel valued for weldability, formability and economical machining. It is commonly supplied as cold-finished bar for shafts, pins, fixtures and general machine parts, but normally needs plating, coating or another finish where corrosion protection matters.

• Materials

AISI 1045 is a medium-carbon steel offering greater strength and wear resistance than low-carbon grades such as 1018. It is used for shafts, gears, pins and machine components and can be normalized, induction hardened or through hardened depending on section size and required properties.

• Materials

AISI 1215 is a resulfurized free-machining carbon steel designed for high cutting speeds, good chip control and fine machined finishes. It is often used for high-volume screw-machine parts, fittings and fasteners where welding and impact toughness are not primary requirements.

• Materials

AISI 4140 is a chromium-molybdenum alloy steel with a strong balance of strength, toughness, fatigue resistance and hardenability. It is commonly used for shafts, gears, fixtures and high-load machine parts in annealed, normalized or quenched-and-tempered conditions.

• Materials

AISI 4340 is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy steel known for high strength, deep hardenability and toughness in demanding sections. Typical applications include aircraft landing-gear components, heavy-duty shafts, gears and other fatigue-critical hardware after controlled heat treatment.

• Materials

A-Axis identifies a controlled machine direction. On multi-axis equipment it defines either linear travel or rotation used to orient the tool and workpiece, affecting feature access, setup count and interpolation strategy.

• CNC Machining

The stationary or cavity side of an injection mold, frequently associated with cosmetic surfaces.

• Injection Molding

A2 is an air-hardening cold-work tool steel that balances wear resistance, toughness and dimensional stability during heat treatment. It is commonly used for punches, dies, gauges and wear components where D2 would be too brittle or O1 too distortion-sensitive.

• Tooling & Mold Making

ASTM A36 is a widely available structural carbon steel supplied mainly as plate, sheet and shapes. It offers good weldability and economical fabrication for frames, bases and brackets, but its dimensional and surface condition are generally broader than precision cold-finished stock.

• Materials

A material's ability to resist surface wear caused by rubbing, scraping or repeated contact.

• Materials

A surface treatment process that propels abrasive media against a component to clean or modify its surface.

• Surface Finishing

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene is a common engineering thermoplastic offering good impact resistance, machinability and moldability.

• Injection Molding

Acceptable contact marks is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in engineering & design. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Engineering & Design

Acceptable leakage describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Access direction describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Adaptive Clearing describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Additive Fabrication describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

The technical term for manufacturing processes that build components by adding material rather than removing it.

• 3D Printing

Additive Manufacturing (AM) describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Additive support structures would be extensive describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Adhesion testing describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Joining components using an adhesive instead of mechanical fasteners, welding or other joining processes.

• Assembly

Aerospace development parts identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Aerospace structural components describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Aerospace structures identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Affect fine features describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

A heat-treatment process that increases the strength and hardness of certain alloys through controlled precipitation.

• Materials

Air Bending is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

Air Entrapment is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in urethane casting. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Urethane Casting

Air or fluid exposure describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Air Trap is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in injection molding. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Injection Molding

Airflow components describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Airflow fixtures is an element of the equipment or tooling used in tooling & mold making. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• Tooling & Mold Making

A metallic material containing two or more elements designed to achieve particular mechanical, physical or chemical properties.

• Materials

Alloy Steel is a steel grade or family used for structural, machined, formed or tooling components. Carbon and alloy content determine hardenability, strength, toughness, weldability and machining behavior, while the ordered condition and heat treatment determine final performance.

• Materials

Alodine is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

Alter surface texture describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Alternative orientation describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Lightweight and corrosion-resistant for electronics, automotive, enclosure and structural applications.

• Sheet Metal

A high-strength aluminum alloy commonly associated with aerospace and structural applications.

• Materials

An aluminum-magnesium alloy offering good corrosion resistance and formability, making it popular for sheet metal components.

• Sheet Metal

5083 is a non-heat-treatable aluminum-magnesium alloy with high strength in the welded condition and strong resistance to marine corrosion. It is used for welded structures, marine hardware and machined plate components; cold working and machining strategy should account for residual stress.

• Materials

A versatile aluminum alloy with good machinability, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.

• CNC Machining

An aluminum alloy frequently used for extrusions and applications requiring good surface appearance.

• Materials

A medium-strength structural aluminum alloy commonly used in European engineering applications.

• CNC Machining

7050 is a high-strength, heat-treatable aerospace aluminum alloy developed for improved stress-corrosion resistance and through-thickness properties in thick sections. It is used for structural plate, bulkheads and highly loaded machined aerospace parts.

• Materials

A high-strength aluminum alloy widely used for aerospace, motorsports, robotics and high-performance mechanical components.

• CNC Machining

A380 is a widely used aluminum die-casting alloy offering good castability, pressure tightness, thermal conductivity and dimensional stability. It is common in housings, brackets and appliance or automotive components made by high-pressure die casting.

• Materials

ADC12 is an aluminum-silicon-copper die-casting alloy commonly used in Asia for thin-wall, complex and high-volume components. It offers good fluidity and castability, while corrosion, strength and finishing requirements should be reviewed against the governing material specification.

• Materials

Aluminum Die Casting is an aluminum grade or product designation used for lightweight manufactured parts. Alloy chemistry and temper control its strength, corrosion response, machinability, weldability and finishing behavior, so the complete grade and condition should be stated on the drawing.

• Die Casting

Aluminum Powder is an aluminum grade or product designation used for lightweight manufactured parts. Alloy chemistry and temper control its strength, corrosion response, machinability, weldability and finishing behavior, so the complete grade and condition should be stated on the drawing.

• 3D Printing

Angle Pin is a controlled injection molding variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Injection Molding

A condition in which material properties vary depending on direction.

• 3D Printing

Heat treatment used to alter material properties, commonly to reduce hardness, relieve stresses or improve ductility.

• Materials

An electrochemical surface treatment that creates a controlled oxide layer on aluminum for corrosion resistance, wear resistance or appearance.

• Surface Finishing

Control color, gloss, texture and visual consistency for customer-facing parts.

• Engineering & Design

Appearance models describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• 3D Printing

Appearance prototypes identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Application describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Application-specific finishing is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Approved physical samples is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

As Machined is an element of the equipment or tooling used in cnc machining. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• CNC Machining

The surface condition left directly by machining operations without additional cosmetic finishing.

• CNC Machining

A quality management standard developed for organizations operating within the aerospace industry supply chain.

• Quality & Inspection

Assembly checks is a verification concept used to translate requirements into measurable manufacturing evidence. A useful specification defines what is checked, by which method, at what frequency and against which acceptance limit.

• Quality & Inspection

Assembly cycles describes a distinct operation within assembly. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Assembly

Assembly datums is a verification concept used to translate requirements into measurable manufacturing evidence. A useful specification defines what is checked, by which method, at what frequency and against which acceptance limit.

• Quality & Inspection

Assembly fit describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Assembly fits describes a distinct operation within assembly. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Assembly

Maintain consistent relationships between motors, bearings, gearboxes, sensors, fasteners and structural components.

• Assembly

Assembly reference describes a distinct operation within assembly. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Assembly

Assembly requirements describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Assembly testing describes a distinct operation within assembly. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Assembly

Assembly torque describes a distinct operation within assembly. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Assembly

ASTM International develops technical standards used for materials, testing and manufacturing requirements.

• Engineering & Design

Austenitic Stainless Steel is a stainless-steel grade or family selected for a particular balance of corrosion resistance, strength, heat-treatment response and machinability. The exact specification, product form, supply condition and any passivation requirement should be defined before production.

• Materials

Automotive development parts identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Chassis, sensor mounts, wheel and drive components, electronics enclosures and structural frames.

• Engineering & Design

Axial Depth of Cut is a controlled cnc machining variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• CNC Machining

A controlled direction of movement or rotation within a manufacturing machine.

• CNC Machining

B-Axis identifies a controlled machine direction. On multi-axis equipment it defines either linear travel or rotation used to orient the tool and workpiece, affecting feature access, setup count and interpolation strategy.

• CNC Machining

The mold half typically associated with the core and ejection system in injection molding.

• Injection Molding

Back Pressure is a controlled injection molding variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Injection Molding

Baffle describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

An end mill with a rounded cutting tip, frequently used for machining curved 3D surfaces.

• CNC Machining

Raw material supplied as round, square, hexagonal or other continuous bar profiles.

• CNC Machining

The cylindrical section of an injection molding machine where polymer pellets are heated and moved toward the mold.

• Injection Molding

Barrel Finishing is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Barrel Temperature is a controlled injection molding variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Injection Molding

Bead describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

A finishing process that uses fine blasting media to create a more uniform matte surface.

• Surface Finishing

Beading describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Bearing bore diameter and position describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Bearing interfaces describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Bearing seats describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Bellows describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

A formed angular feature produced by plastically deforming sheet material.

• Sheet Metal

The length of the neutral axis through the bend region used when calculating a sheet metal flat pattern.

• Sheet Metal

Bend Angle is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

Bend angle and hole position is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

A value used to calculate the flat blank size of a bent sheet metal component.

• Sheet Metal

Bend Design is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

Bend Line is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

The radius on the inside surface of a sheet metal bend.

• Sheet Metal

Bend Relief is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

A forming process used to create angles or curved features in sheet metal.

• Sheet Metal

Creates flanges, tabs, channels and three-dimensional features directly within the stamping process.

• Sheet Metal

Beryllium copper is a precipitation-hardening copper alloy family combining high strength, fatigue resistance, conductivity and non-sparking behavior. It is used for springs, contacts and mold inserts; machining dust and heat-treatment operations require appropriate occupational controls.

• Materials

Bevel describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

A solid piece of raw metal used as starting stock for machining, forging or other manufacturing processes.

• CNC Machining

An additive manufacturing process that selectively deposits binder onto layers of powdered material.

• 3D Printing

Biscuit describes a distinct operation within die casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Die Casting

Black functional components describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

A conversion coating commonly applied to ferrous metals to create a dark appearance and provide limited corrosion protection.

• Surface Finishing

Black Specks describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

A flat piece of material cut to an initial profile before subsequent forming or machining.

• Sheet Metal

A sheet metal cutting operation in which a desired shape is separated from surrounding stock.

• Sheet Metal

Produces external profiles, holes, slots and openings as individual operations or as part of a larger stamping sequence.

• Sheet Metal

Blasting is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Blind Hole describes a hole feature with a specific geometry or accessibility condition. Tool reach, diameter-to-depth ratio, chip evacuation, positional tolerance and inspection access determine the practical manufacturing route.

• CNC Machining

A raised defect caused by trapped gas, moisture, coating failure or other material/process conditions.

• Quality & Inspection

A plastics manufacturing process that forms hollow components by expanding heated material against a mold cavity.

• Tooling & Mold Making

Bulk Molding Compound, a fiber-reinforced thermoset feedstock supplied in a bulk or dough-like form.

• Compression Molding
• Materials

A machining process used to enlarge or improve an existing hole.

• CNC Machining

Boring Bar is a cnc machining operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

A raised feature commonly used to support fasteners, inserts, alignment features or other components.

• Engineering & Design

Bottom Bending is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

Brackets identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Flat or formed mounting components with holes, slots, tabs and assembly features.

• Production & Supply Chain

Brake Forming is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

Provides good formability, conductivity and corrosion resistance for electrical, functional and cosmetic components.

• Sheet Metal

C360 free-cutting brass contains lead to provide excellent machinability and chip control. It is commonly used for fittings, valve parts, threaded hardware and precision turned components, subject to application-specific restrictions on lead content.

• Materials

A joining process using a filler metal that melts below the melting temperature of the base materials.

• Assembly

Breathing describes a distinct operation within compression molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Compression Molding

Bridge describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

For programs still increasing in volume, bridge tooling can support initial production while the final production strategy is validated.

• Tooling & Mold Making

Intermediate tooling intended to support production before long-life production tooling becomes available.

• Injection Molding

Brim describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

A family of copper-based alloys commonly containing tin or other alloying elements.

• Materials

Brushing is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Bubble describes a distinct operation within urethane casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Urethane Casting

Bubbler describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

Bubbles describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

Buffing is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Build describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Build cost describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Build Direction describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Build interruption describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Build lot describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

The direction in which a component is positioned during printing.

• 3D Printing

The surface on which an additively manufactured component is produced.

• 3D Printing

Build quality is a verification concept used to translate requirements into measurable manufacturing evidence. A useful specification defines what is checked, by which method, at what frequency and against which acceptance limit.

• 3D Printing

Build records describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

The maximum printable envelope supported by a 3D printer.

• 3D Printing

Workpiece material that adheres to a cutting edge during machining and can alter cutting behavior or finish.

• CNC Machining

Built-Up Edge (BUE) describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Bulk Molding Compound (BMC) is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Compression Molding

An end mill with a corner radius between its bottom and side cutting surfaces.

• CNC Machining

Dark discoloration caused by trapped gas, excessive heat or processing conditions.

• Injection Molding

A finishing process that improves surface condition through controlled plastic deformation rather than material removal.

• Surface Finishing

Unwanted material projecting from an edge after machining, cutting, drilling, stamping or another manufacturing process.

• CNC Machining

Burr and dross condition is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in cnc machining. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• CNC Machining

Burr and edge-direction checks is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in quality & inspection. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Quality & Inspection

Buttons is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

Buttons and interface components describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

C-Axis identifies a controlled machine direction. On multi-axis equipment it defines either linear travel or rotation used to orient the tool and workpiece, affecting feature access, setup count and interpolation strategy.

• CNC Machining

C101 is high-purity oxygen-free electronic copper with very high electrical and thermal conductivity. It is selected for vacuum, electrical and high-conductivity components where purity matters, but its ductility and tendency to form burrs require controlled machining.

• Materials

C110 electrolytic tough-pitch copper combines very high electrical and thermal conductivity with broad commercial availability. It is used for busbars, heat spreaders and electrical hardware and requires sharp tooling and stable workholding during machining.

• Materials

C11000 is the UNS designation for electrolytic tough-pitch copper, a high-conductivity grade widely used for electrical and thermal components. Oxygen content makes it unsuitable for some high-temperature reducing environments, so joining conditions should be reviewed.

• Materials

Manufacture routing features, brackets, channels and mounting interfaces around cables, sensors and other system components.

• Engineering & Design

Cable-management parts describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Computer-Aided Design software is used to create and modify digital engineering geometry.

• Engineering & Design

CAD & Engineering describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

CAD/CAM describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• CNC Machining

Fixtures, gauges and tooling used to establish repeatable alignment during robot assembly, calibration and testing.

• Tooling & Mold Making

Calipers is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• Quality & Inspection

Computer-Aided Manufacturing software converts digital geometry and machining strategies into machine toolpaths.

• CNC Machining

Cantilever length describes a distinct operation within assembly. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Assembly

Capability studies where agreed is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• Quality & Inspection

Captive components describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Captive joints describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Carbide Insert is an element of the equipment or tooling used in cnc machining. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• CNC Machining

A cutting tool made from or tipped with cemented carbide, offering high hardness and wear resistance.

• CNC Machining

A cost-effective choice for brackets, clips, structural components and general industrial stamped parts.

• Sheet Metal

A high-strength reinforcement material frequently used in composite structures.

• Materials

Carbon Fiber Compression Molding is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Compression Molding

Cost-effective for brackets, plates, frames, guards and general industrial components.

• Sheet Metal

A heat treatment that creates a hard outer surface while retaining a comparatively tougher core.

• Materials

Surface preparation, coating, polishing, painting and other project-specific finishes for die-cast and molded components.

• Sheet Metal

Cast Aluminum is an aluminum grade or product designation used for lightweight manufactured parts. Alloy chemistry and temper control its strength, corrosion response, machinability, weldability and finishing behavior, so the complete grade and condition should be stated on the drawing.

• Materials

Cast-In Insert is an element of the equipment or tooling used in urethane casting. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• Urethane Casting

Castable Resin identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• 3D Printing

A manufacturing process in which liquid or flowable material is introduced into a mold and solidified into shape.

• Urethane Casting

Casting Master describes a distinct operation within urethane casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Urethane Casting

Casting patterns describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Casting Shrinkage describes a distinct operation within die casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Die Casting

The mold feature or space that forms the external geometry of a molded or cast component.

• Injection Molding

Cavity Insert is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Cavity or variant ID is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Engineering & Design

Cavity Side is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Cavity size is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Engineering & Design

Center Drill is an element of the equipment or tooling used in cnc machining. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• CNC Machining

Cerakote is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

Chains describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

An angled edge replacing a sharp corner, often added for assembly, safety or manufacturing reasons.

• CNC Machining

Chamfering describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Change local dimensions describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Channel length describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Charge describes a distinct operation within compression molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Compression Molding

Laser-cut blanks that continue through bending, hardware installation and finishing into complete housings.

• Production & Supply Chain

Self-excited vibration during machining that can create periodic marks, noise and poor dimensional control.

• CNC Machining

Chem Film describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

A surface treatment that chemically modifies the material surface to improve properties such as corrosion resistance or coating adhesion.

• Surface Finishing

Chemical exposure describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

A chemical conversion coating commonly applied to aluminum.

• Surface Finishing

Chemical resistance describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Chemical surface treatment describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Chemicals describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Material removed from the workpiece during machining.

• CNC Machining

Removal of machining chips from the cutting zone.

• CNC Machining

The amount of material removed by each cutting edge during one revolution or tooth engagement.

• CNC Machining

Chrome Plating is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

A workholding device used primarily on lathes to grip rotating workpieces.

• CNC Machining

Circular Interpolation describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

The force used to keep the mold closed during injection.

• Injection Molding

Clamp Plate describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

Clamping describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

The force used to keep mold halves closed against internal molding pressure.

• Injection Molding

Class-A cosmetic surfaces describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Passivation, polishing and project-specific treatments can be reviewed for parts requiring controlled cleanliness, surface condition or documentation.

• Engineering & Design

Cleaning equipment describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Clear Anodizing is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Clear coating is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Clear or translucent components describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Clear or translucent prototypes describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Clear parts describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Clear Urethane describes a distinct operation within urethane casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Urethane Casting

Clear-part appearance describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Clear, appearance and engineering resin options identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• 3D Printing

Clear/transparency requirement if applicable describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

The intentional space between two mating features or between tooling elements.

• Engineering & Design

Clinching describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Clips describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Close-fitting covers is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

A Coordinate Measuring Machine measures physical geometry using a probe or other sensing system.

• Quality & Inspection

Computer Numerical Control refers to automated control of manufacturing machines using programmed instructions.

• CNC Machining

CNC Grinding is a cnc machining operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

A computer-controlled machine primarily designed to produce turned components.

• CNC Machining

CNC Machine & Motion is an element of the equipment or tooling used in cnc machining. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• CNC Machining

Anodizing, hard anodizing, chem film, passivation, plating, bead blasting and polishing for precision machined components.

• Sheet Metal

A subtractive process in which computer-controlled tools remove material from stock to produce a finished part.

• CNC Machining

A manufacturing process combining milling and turning operations in one machine to reduce setups and improve feature relationships.

• CNC Machining

Motor mounts, brackets, plates, structural components and precision interfaces in aluminum, steel, stainless steel and engineering plastics.

• CNC Machining

CNC Part Geometry describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• CNC Machining

CNC Post-Machining is a 3d printing operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• 3D Printing

CNC Program describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

CNC Router describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Shafts, pins, bushings, spacers and rotational components requiring controlled diameters and concentric features.

• CNC Machining

CNC Workholding describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

CNC, sheet metal, molded, cast and 3D-printed parts is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Sheet Metal

Coating and cosmetic review is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Coating condition is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Coating thickness is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Coating-thickness measurement is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• Surface Finishing

Cobalt Chrome describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Coining is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

A process in which molten metal is transferred into a separate shot sleeve before injection into the die.

• Die Casting

Steel processed by rolling at or near room temperature to improve dimensional control and surface condition.

• Sheet Metal

A runner system that solidifies together with the molded component and is normally separated after molding.

• Injection Molding

Cold Shut is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in die casting. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Die Casting

Plastic deformation of metal below its recrystallization temperature.

• Materials

Cold-Chamber Die Casting describes a distinct operation within die casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Die Casting

Lightweight structural components, grippers, covers and precision interfaces for compact robotic systems.

• Engineering & Design

Collapsible Core is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

A clamping device commonly used to hold round workpieces or cutting tools accurately.

• CNC Machining

Collet Chuck is an element of the equipment or tooling used in cnc machining. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• CNC Machining

Color and gloss comparison describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Color Anodizing is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Color appearance is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

Color consistency describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Color identification describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

The process of producing a finish to meet a specified visual color reference such as RAL or Pantone.

• Surface Finishing

Color Pigment describes a distinct operation within urethane casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Urethane Casting

Color requirements describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Color, gloss and texture is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

Color, texture, masking and documentation by project is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

Commercially pure titanium grades contain little alloying addition and emphasize corrosion resistance, biocompatibility and formability over maximum strength. They are used in chemical, medical and marine applications, with exact oxygen content and grade controlling strength.

• Materials

Complex Electronics Panel describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Complex flow components identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Complex fluid or gas passages describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Complex internal geometry describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• 3D Printing

Complex lattices describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Complex manifolds identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Complex manifolds with intersecting internal channels describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Complex support-free geometry describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• 3D Printing

Complex Surface describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Component mass where specified describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Components requiring reduced flexibility identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Components subject to repeated deformation identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Composite Compression Molding is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Compression Molding

Blanking, piercing and other operations can be combined within a single press stroke. Well suited to parts requiring accurate relationships between multiple features.

• Sheet Metal

Compression Force is a controlled compression molding variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Compression Molding

Compression Mold is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Compression Molding

A process that places a measured charge in a heated mold and applies pressure until the material flows and cures.

• Compression Molding

Compression Transfer Molding is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Compression Molding

A geometric relationship concerning the alignment of centers or axes of cylindrical features.

• Quality & Inspection

Concentricity and runout is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in engineering & design. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Engineering & Design

Concept models identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Maintain or modify electrical surface properties while protecting specified contact or grounding areas.

• Engineering & Design

Cooling channels designed to follow mold geometry more closely than conventional straight-drilled channels.

• Injection Molding

Conformal cooling systems describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Consumer components identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Consumer-product housings describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Consumer-product prototypes describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Long reinforcement fibers used in composite materials to provide high directional strength.

• Materials

Machining used to create curved or three-dimensional surfaces by following programmed tool paths.

• CNC Machining

Controlled orientation identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Fluid applied during machining to control temperature, lubricate the cutting zone and remove chips.

• CNC Machining

Cooling Channel describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

Cooling Circuit describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

Cooling circuits describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Cooling Line describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

The portion of the molding cycle where the component cools sufficiently for ejection.

• Injection Molding

Coordinate System describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

High electrical and thermal conductivity makes copper suitable for terminals, contacts and electrical components.

• Sheet Metal

Available for electrical, thermal and cosmetic components subject to alloy and thickness review.

• Sheet Metal

Copper Alloys is a copper-based material selected for combinations of conductivity, corrosion resistance, bearing behavior or machinability. Exact composition and temper affect cutting behavior, forming, joining and service performance.

• Materials

Copper Plating is a copper-based material selected for combinations of conductivity, corrosion resistance, bearing behavior or machinability. Exact composition and temper affect cutting behavior, forming, joining and service performance.

• Surface Finishing

The mold component typically responsible for forming internal features.

• Injection Molding

Core Insert is an element of the equipment or tooling used in injection molding. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Core Pin is an element of the equipment or tooling used in die casting. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• Die Casting

Core Pull describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

Core Side describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

Corner Relief describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Protect metal surfaces against oxidation, moisture and environmental exposure.

• Engineering & Design

Corrosion testing describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Cosmetic expectations describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Cosmetic requirements describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Cosmetic surface protection describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Cosmetic surface quality is a verification concept used to translate requirements into measurable manufacturing evidence. A useful specification defines what is checked, by which method, at what frequency and against which acceptance limit.

• 3D Printing

Cosmetic surface review is a verification concept used to translate requirements into measurable manufacturing evidence. A useful specification defines what is checked, by which method, at what frequency and against which acceptance limit.

• Quality & Inspection

Cosmetic surfaces is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

Cost describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

A cylindrical recess around a hole, commonly used to seat a fastener head below or flush with a surface.

• CNC Machining

Creating a cylindrical recess around a hole so a fastener head can sit below or flush with a surface.

• CNC Machining

A conical recess around a hole used to accommodate countersunk fasteners or remove sharp edges.

• CNC Machining

Creating a conical recess around a hole, typically for flat-head screws.

• CNC Machining

Cover Die is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Die Casting

Covers identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Lightweight covers, guards, electronics housings and protective components produced through sheet metal, additive manufacturing or molding.

• Engineering & Design

A statistical index that estimates how well a stable process fits within specification limits while accounting for mean shift.

• Quality & Inspection

Time-dependent permanent deformation of a material under sustained load.

• Materials

A dimension that has significant influence on fit, function, assembly or performance.

• Quality & Inspection

A hole oriented across or perpendicular to the primary axis of a component.

• CNC Machining

Crosslinking describes a distinct operation within compression molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Compression Molding

CT inspection is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• 3D Printing

Cure describes a distinct operation within compression molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Compression Molding

Cure complexity describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Cure Temperature is a controlled compression molding variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Compression Molding

Cure Time is a controlled urethane casting variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Urethane Casting

A chemical or physical process through which a polymer, resin, adhesive or coating develops its final properties.

• Surface Finishing

Curl describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Curling is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

Curvature describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Curved ducts describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Cushion describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

Cushions describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Customized equipment parts identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Customized or frequently revised complex components describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Customized parts describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Cut and formed dimensions is a verification concept used to translate requirements into measurable manufacturing evidence. A useful specification defines what is checked, by which method, at what frequency and against which acceptance limit.

• Quality & Inspection

A CNC function that offsets the programmed toolpath to compensate for cutting tool diameter or wear.

• CNC Machining

Cutting & Tooling is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• CNC Machining

Cutting Edge describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

The relative surface speed between a cutting tool and workpiece during machining.

• CNC Machining

A tool used to remove material from a workpiece.

• CNC Machining

Cutting, forming, welding and assembly is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

The time required to complete one manufacturing cycle.

• Engineering & Design

D2 is a high-carbon, high-chromium cold-work tool steel with high wear resistance and good dimensional stability after heat treatment. It is used for blanking dies, punches and wear parts, although its high carbide content reduces toughness and makes machining more demanding.

• Tooling & Mold Making

A theoretically exact point, axis or plane used as a reference for dimensional measurement and geometric control.

• Quality & Inspection

Datum faces is a verification concept used to translate requirements into measurable manufacturing evidence. A useful specification defines what is checked, by which method, at what frequency and against which acceptance limit.

• CNC Machining

Datum surfaces is a verification concept used to translate requirements into measurable manufacturing evidence. A useful specification defines what is checked, by which method, at what frequency and against which acceptance limit.

• CNC Machining

Remove sharp edges and controlled stamping burrs where required by the application.

• Assembly

Parts can be supplied as-cut or processed to remove burrs, dross and sharp edges before downstream fabrication.

• Engineering & Design

As-cut parts can be deburred, edge-rounded, brushed or polished to remove sharp edges and improve handling, assembly or cosmetic appearance.

• Surface Finishing

Deep Cavity is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• CNC Machining

Forms flat sheet into cups, shells, housings and other deep geometries through controlled material flow.

• Sheet Metal

Deep Drawing describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Sheet Metal

Deep Pocket describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Deep undercuts describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Deep-Drawn Enclosure describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Deep-Hole Drilling is a cnc machining operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

Deflashing is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in compression molding. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Compression Molding

Deflection describes a distinct operation within assembly. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Assembly

Degassing describes a distinct operation within urethane casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Urethane Casting

Separation between layers within a molded component.

• Injection Molding

A commonly used trade name associated with acetal homopolymer engineering plastic.

• Materials

Demolding Time is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Urethane Casting

Density is a controlled materials variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Materials

Density testing is a controlled 3d printing variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• 3D Printing

Depowdering describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Depowdering condition describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

The amount of material removed in the axial or radial direction during a cutting pass.

• CNC Machining

Engineering practices intended to make products easier, more reliable or more economical to assemble.

• Assembly

Engineering a component with consideration for the capabilities, limitations and economics of its intended manufacturing process.

• Engineering & Design

Detail identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Detailed housings describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Detailed mechanical mockups describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Detailed visual prototypes describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Developed Length describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Abbreviation for Design for Manufacturing or Design for Manufacturability.

• Engineering & Design

A tool used to cut, form, shape or cast material.

• Sheet Metal

Reusable metal tooling containing cavities, cores, runners, gates, cooling features and ejection components used for die casting.

• Die Casting

Die Cavity is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Die Casting

Die Core is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Die Casting

A visible surface mark associated with tooling or material movement during forming or extrusion.

• Quality & Inspection

Differential Shrinkage describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

Digital Light Processing describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Dimensional condition near attachment points describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Measurement of manufactured components to verify compliance with specified dimensions and tolerances.

• Quality & Inspection

Dimensional models identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

A material's ability to maintain its dimensions when exposed to temperature, humidity, stress or time.

• Materials

Dimple describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

A gate where the sprue feeds directly into the molded component.

• Injection Molding

Direct Metal Laser Sintering describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Directed Energy Deposition (DED) describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Display components identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Distortion is a recognizable non-ideal condition associated with engineering & design. Its significance depends on location, severity and function; corrective action should address the process mechanism instead of appearance alone.

• Engineering & Design

DLC Coating is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Digital Light Processing cures layers of photopolymer resin using projected light.

• 3D Printing

Direct Metal Laser Sintering is a powder-bed additive manufacturing technology used to produce metal components.

• 3D Printing

Dovetail describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

A slight angle added to molded or cast surfaces to facilitate release from tooling.

• Injection Molding

The angular taper applied to surfaces parallel to mold opening direction.

• Injection Molding

A metal forming process that pulls material into a die to produce deeper or more complex shapes.

• Sheet Metal

Drawing where available describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• 3D Printing

A cutting tool or machining operation used to produce holes.

• CNC Machining

A cutting tool used to produce round holes.

• CNC Machining

A machining process that creates round holes using a rotating drill.

• CNC Machining

Machining performed without conventional liquid coolant.

• CNC Machining

Ducting describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Ducts describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

A measure of hardness commonly used for elastomers and flexible polymers.

• Materials

DXF describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Dye or color describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Dyeing describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

E-Coating is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Electron Beam Melting uses an electron beam to fuse metal powder.

• 3D Printing

Edge condition is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

A gate positioned along the edge of a molded component.

• Injection Molding

Edge quality is a verification concept used to translate requirements into measurable manufacturing evidence. A useful specification defines what is checked, by which method, at what frequency and against which acceptance limit.

• Quality & Inspection

Electrical Discharge Machining removes electrically conductive material using controlled electrical discharges.

• CNC Machining

EICAR describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Ejection describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

Ejection System describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

Ejector Die is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Ejector Mark is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

A mold component used to push a molded or cast part away from the tool during ejection.

• Injection Molding

A visible mark created where an ejector pin contacts the molded component.

• Injection Molding

Ejector Plate is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Ejector Sleeve is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

The collection of components responsible for removing molded parts from tooling.

• Injection Molding

A material's ability to return toward its original dimensions after removal of a load.

• Materials

Electrical contact or grounding surfaces is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

A chemical plating process that deposits a nickel-based coating without external electrical current.

• Surface Finishing

Electron Beam Melting describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Electronics Enclosure describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Electronics housings describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Electrophoretic Coating is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

A process using electrical current to deposit a metallic coating onto a conductive component.

• Surface Finishing

Electropolishing is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

The amount a material stretches before fracture, typically expressed as a percentage.

• Materials

Emboss describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Sheet Metal

Embossing describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Sheet Metal

Enclosed geometry describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Enclosures identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Machined and assembled gripper bodies, fingers, tool plates and custom end-of-arm tooling where low mass and accurate interfaces are critical.

• Engineering & Design

A rotary cutting tool widely used in CNC milling.

• CNC Machining

Energy systems identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Engineering and DFM review before production describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Sheet Metal

A controlled document used to authorize changes to engineering designs, drawings or specifications.

• Quality & Inspection

A polymer selected for mechanical, thermal, chemical or dimensional performance beyond typical commodity plastics.

• Materials

Engineering Resin identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• 3D Printing

Creating text, numbers, logos or patterns by removing or modifying surface material.

• CNC Machining

Ergonomic evaluation describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Ergonomic products identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Ergonomic prototypes describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Ergonomics describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Expected tool life is an element of the equipment or tooling used in tooling & mold making. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• Tooling & Mold Making

Exposure duration is a controlled 3d printing variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• 3D Printing

External Radius is a controlled cnc machining variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• CNC Machining

External surfaces describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

A manufacturing process in which material is forced through a shaped die to create a continuous profile.

• Engineering & Design

A milling cutter designed primarily for producing flat surfaces.

• CNC Machining

Face Milling is a cnc machining operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

A machining operation that produces a flat surface, typically perpendicular to the rotational axis of the workpiece.

• CNC Machining

First Article Inspection verifies an initial manufactured component or production run against specified requirements.

• Quality & Inspection

A mold containing cavities for two or more different components.

• Injection Molding

A wide gate designed to distribute molten plastic over a broader section of the cavity.

• Injection Molding

Fused Deposition Modeling produces components by depositing thermoplastic material through a heated extrusion nozzle.

• 3D Printing

Feed per Revolution describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Feed per Tooth describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

The rate at which a cutting tool advances relative to a workpiece.

• CNC Machining

Feed System describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

Female Mold is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Compression Molding

Ferritic Stainless Steel is a stainless-steel grade or family selected for a particular balance of corrosion resistance, strength, heat-treatment response and machinability. The exact specification, product form, supply condition and any passivation requirement should be defined before production.

• Materials

Fused Filament Fabrication, a widely used generic term for material-extrusion 3D printing.

• 3D Printing

Fiber Laser Cutting is a sheet metal operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• Sheet Metal

Fiber Orientation describes a distinct operation within compression molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Compression Molding

Fiber Volume Fraction describes a distinct operation within compression molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Compression Molding

Feedstock in strand form commonly used in material-extrusion 3D printers.

• 3D Printing

A rounded internal or external transition between surfaces.

• Engineering & Design

Fill Time is a controlled injection molding variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Injection Molding

A rounded internal or external transition between two surfaces.

• CNC Machining

The stage where molten polymer enters and fills the mold cavity.

• Injection Molding

Final assembly fit describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Final assembly verification is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• Quality & Inspection

Final documentation package describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Final fit and motion checks describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Fine surface detail describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Fine text describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Fine visual detail describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Fine-detail housings describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Fine-detail resin printing identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• 3D Printing

The final surface condition of a manufactured component.

• Surface Finishing

Finish condition is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• 3D Printing

Finish type and governing standard is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Finished Production Component is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Sheet Metal

Finishing is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• CNC Machining

Surface finishing, marking, purchased hardware and subassembly can be coordinated before final inspection and packaging.

• Surface Finishing

Finishing and inspection matched to part requirements is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• 3D Printing

Finishing effort is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

The final machining operation intended to achieve specified dimensions, tolerances and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

An initial component or set of components produced for verification before continued production.

• Quality & Inspection

First-off part approval is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• Quality & Inspection

First-piece inspection is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• Quality & Inspection

Fit describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Fit after finishing is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Fit checks identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Fit type describes a distinct operation within assembly. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Assembly

Fits describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

A device used to locate, support and hold a workpiece during manufacturing or inspection.

• CNC Machining

Fixture function is an element of the equipment or tooling used in 3d printing. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• 3D Printing

Fixture Plate is an element of the equipment or tooling used in cnc machining. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• CNC Machining

Fixtures is an element of the equipment or tooling used in tooling & mold making. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• Tooling & Mold Making

Flange is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

Flanging is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

Excess material that forms along a mold parting line or other tooling interface.

• Injection Molding

Flash and short shots is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in engineering & design. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Engineering & Design

Flash Groove is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in compression molding. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Compression Molding

Flat dimensions and profile accuracy describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• CNC Machining

Flat mating surfaces describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Flat mounting surfaces describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Flat Pattern describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

A GD&T control specifying how much a surface may deviate from a perfect plane.

• Quality & Inspection

Flatness and formed-angle inspection is a controlled quality & inspection variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Quality & Inspection

Flatness and parallelism is a verification concept used to translate requirements into measurable manufacturing evidence. A useful specification defines what is checked, by which method, at what frequency and against which acceptance limit.

• Engineering & Design

Flexible connectors describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Flexible covers describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Flexible interface components identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Flexible Resin identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• 3D Printing

Flexible snap features identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Flexible Urethane describes a distinct operation within urethane casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Urethane Casting

A machining method where cutting fluid is delivered continuously and in relatively high volume.

• CNC Machining

A visible surface feature caused by the movement and

• Engineering & Design

A visible surface pattern caused by polymer flow behavior during molding.

• Injection Molding

Fluid manifolds describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Fluid or gas describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Fluid-handling components identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Fluid-path visualization identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Flute describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Forming is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

Freeform Surface describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Frequently assembled housings is an element of the equipment or tooling used in tooling & mold making. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• Tooling & Mold Making

Fit, alignment, hardware retention and agreed mechanical functions can be checked before shipment.

• Engineering & Design

Functional durability identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Functional gauges is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• Quality & Inspection

Functional housings describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Functional nylon identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• 3D Printing

Functional parts, bridge production and low-volume use describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Move into production-intent materials to evaluate stiffness, load paths, bearing fits, actuator interfaces and real operating conditions.

• Production & Supply Chain

Functional prototypes requiring additional toughness identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Fused Deposition Modeling describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• 3D Printing

Fused Filament Fabrication identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• 3D Printing

G-Code describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Suitable for equipment, enclosures, ducts and fabricated components requiring additional corrosion protection.

• Sheet Metal

Galvanizing is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Gas Porosity is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in die casting. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Die Casting

Gas Trap is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in injection molding. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Injection Molding

Injection molding where pressurized gas is introduced to form hollow regions or improve filling behavior.

• Injection Molding

Gaskets for prototype evaluation identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

The opening through which molten resin enters the mold cavity.

• Injection Molding

Gate Blush is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Gate Location is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Gate Vestige is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Gauge inspection is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• Quality & Inspection

Gauges is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• Quality & Inspection

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing communicates allowable variation in part geometry and feature relationships.

• Quality & Inspection
• Engineering & Design

Geometry describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Geometry changes describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Geometry with poor conventional cutting-tool access is an element of the equipment or tooling used in 3d printing. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• 3D Printing

Glass- or mineral-filled nylons identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• 3D Printing

Gloss level describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Gold Plating is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Gooseneck describes a distinct operation within die casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Die Casting

Grain direction describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Gravity Die Casting describes a distinct operation within die casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Die Casting

Grinding is a surface finishing operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• Surface Finishing

Grips describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Groove describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Machining a narrow channel into a component.

• CNC Machining

Machine guards, frames and structural parts that can continue into forming, welding and finishing.

• Production & Supply Chain

Guide Bushing describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

Guide Pin is an element of the equipment or tooling used in injection molding. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Gun Drilling is a cnc machining operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

Gusset describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

H13 is a chromium-molybdenum hot-work tool steel designed to retain strength and resist thermal fatigue at elevated temperature. It is widely used for die-casting dies, hot-forging tools, extrusion tooling and other tooling exposed to repeated heating and cooling.

• Tooling & Mold Making

Hard Chrome is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

Hard Jaw describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Hardcoat Anodizing is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Hardness testing describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Threaded inserts, dowels, bearings, bushings, PEM hardware and specified purchased components can be installed according to project requirements.

• Tooling & Mold Making

PEM nuts, studs, standoffs, rivet nuts and threaded inserts can be installed after cutting and forming. Hardware type, orientation and installation side are controlled to the drawing.

• Surface Finishing

Hardware installation checks is a verification concept used to translate requirements into measurable manufacturing evidence. A useful specification defines what is checked, by which method, at what frequency and against which acceptance limit.

• Quality & Inspection

Heat exchanger structures describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Heat exchangers identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Heat tint and edge condition describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Heat Treatment is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• 3D Printing

Heat-treatment records describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Heat-treatment requirements describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Heated Platen describes a distinct operation within compression molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Compression Molding

Height measurement is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• Quality & Inspection

Helical Interpolation describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Helix Angle is a controlled cnc machining variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• CNC Machining

Hem describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Hemming is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

High-performance robotics identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

High-Pressure Die Casting (HPDC) is a controlled die casting variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Die Casting

A machining strategy using high spindle speeds, optimized feed rates and controlled tool paths to improve productivity and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

High-Speed Machining (HSM) is a cnc machining operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

High-Speed Steel (HSS) is a steel grade or family used for structural, machined, formed or tooling components. Carbon and alloy content determine hardenability, strength, toughness, weldability and machining behavior, while the ordered condition and heat treatment determine final performance.

• CNC Machining

High-temperature components is a controlled materials variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Materials

High-value energy and thermal-management parts describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Hinged or flexible design evaluation identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Hinges describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

HIP describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

HIP records describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Hold Time is a controlled injection molding variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Injection Molding

Pressure maintained after cavity filling to help control shrinkage and dimensional stability.

• Injection Molding

Hole and joint position describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Hole and slot position describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Holes describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Cut mounting holes, slots, tabs, ventilation patterns and complex internal features directly from CAD geometry.

• Engineering & Design

Hollow structures describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Home Position describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Honing is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

Horizontal Machining Center (HMC) is a cnc machining operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

A die-casting process with the injection mechanism immersed in molten metal, typically used for lower-melting alloys such as zinc.

• Die Casting

Hot Isostatic Pressing describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

A heated runner system that keeps polymer molten between molding cycles.

• Injection Molding

Hot Tear is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in die casting. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Die Casting

A gate connected directly to a heated hot-runner nozzle.

• Injection Molding

Hot-Chamber Die Casting describes a distinct operation within die casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Die Casting

Hot-Dip Galvanizing is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Housings identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Hydraulic passages describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Impact describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Impact conditions describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Impact-absorbing geometry identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Impact-resistant housings identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Impregnation describes a distinct operation within die casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Die Casting

Incoming material verification is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• Quality & Inspection

Inconel Powder identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• 3D Printing

Increased thickness describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Increased wall thickness describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

A cutting tool using replaceable cutting inserts.

• CNC Machining

Indexable Tooling is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• CNC Machining

Joint housings, arms, end effectors, mounting components, fixtures and automation hardware.

• Engineering & Design

Industrial tooling is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Tooling & Mold Making

Internal printed structure used to balance weight, strength, material usage and printing time.

• 3D Printing

The percentage of the internal volume occupied by printed infill.

• 3D Printing

Injection Mold is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

A production process that injects molten polymer into a closed mold, then cools and ejects the formed part.

• Injection Molding

Injection Molding Design is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Pressure used to force molten polymer into the mold.

• Injection Molding

Injection Process describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

Injection Speed is a controlled injection molding variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Injection Molding

Insert and hardware retention is an element of the equipment or tooling used in tooling & mold making. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• Tooling & Mold Making

Insert installation describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Injection molding where a pre-manufactured component is placed inside the mold and polymer is molded around it.

• Injection Molding

Inside Bend Radius is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

Camera mounts, sensor brackets, calibration fixtures and precision positioning components.

• Quality & Inspection

Inspection based on drawing and project purpose is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• 3D Printing

Inspection plan is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• 3D Printing

Inspection requirements is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• Quality & Inspection

Inspection: Dimensional and project-specific verification is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• 3D Printing

Instrumentation parts identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Intended application describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Intensification Pressure is a controlled die casting variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Die Casting

Interlocking components describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Interlocking parts describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Internal cavities describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Internal channels describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Internal conformal cooling channels describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Internal distribution networks describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Internal geometry is simple describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• CNC Machining

Internal intersections describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Internal Radius is a controlled cnc machining variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• CNC Machining

Internal stress describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Internal-geometry demonstrations is a controlled materials variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Materials

Interpolation describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

An international quality management system standard focused on controlled processes and continual improvement.

• Quality & Inspection

A molding defect where molten polymer enters the cavity as a stream instead of filling progressively.

• Injection Molding

A workholding device that may also guide a cutting or assembly tool.

• CNC Machining

Jigs and fixtures is an element of the equipment or tooling used in 3d printing. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• 3D Printing

Jog describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Joining describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Precision housings with controlled bearing bores, motor interfaces, gearbox mounting features and cable-routing geometry.

• Engineering & Design

K-Factor is a measurable production variable that influences process stability and part quality in sheet metal. It should be controlled within a validated range rather than treated as a fixed value for every geometry and material.

• Sheet Metal

The width of material removed by a cutting process such as laser, waterjet or saw cutting.

• Sheet Metal

Kerf-sensitive features describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• CNC Machining

Keyway describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Another term commonly used for a weld line.

• Injection Molding

Knockout describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Producing a patterned surface on a cylindrical component to improve grip or create a press-fit feature.

• CNC Machining

Ladle describes a distinct operation within die casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Die Casting

Lapping is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

Larger thread geometry describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Fast, tooling-light production of profiles, holes, slots and cutouts for prototypes and repeat batches.

• Sheet Metal

Laser Engraving is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

Laser Marking is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in surface finishing. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Surface Finishing

Laser Powder Bed Fusion describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Laser Welding describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Lattice structures describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

The thickness of each deposited or cured layer.

• 3D Printing

Visible surface lines created by the layer-by-layer manufacturing process.

• 3D Printing

Layer stepping describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Layer strategy is a controlled 3d printing variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• 3D Printing

Layer Thickness describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Layer-by-Layer Manufacturing describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Leader Pin is an element of the equipment or tooling used in injection molding. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Left/right identifier describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Legacy parts where conventional tooling is impractical is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• 3D Printing

Lens housings identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

An angled mold mechanism that moves during ejection to release internal undercuts.

• Injection Molding

Lighting prototypes identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Lightweight brackets identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Lightweight housings identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Lightweight lattice structures describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Lightweight robotic components describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Lightweight Robotic End Effector describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Balance mass and stiffness through material selection, CNC pocketing, thin-wall machining, sheet metal structures and additive manufacturing.

• Engineering & Design

Linear Interpolation describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) Molding is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Live Tooling is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• CNC Machining

A thin flexible polymer section designed to bend repeatedly and connect two molded sections.

• Injection Molding

Load is a controlled engineering & design variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Engineering & Design

Load direction is a controlled engineering & design variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Engineering & Design

Local reinforcement is a controlled engineering & design variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Engineering & Design

Local surface texture describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Locating Pin is an element of the equipment or tooling used in cnc machining. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• CNC Machining

Location features describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• CNC Machining

Lot traceability is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• Quality & Inspection

Louver describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Reduce unnecessary moving mass in arms, grippers and end effectors where acceleration and response time matter.

• Engineering & Design

Low-Pressure Die Casting (LPDC) is a controlled die casting variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Die Casting

Low-volume aerospace and robotics components describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Low-volume end-use parts identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Low-volume finished parts is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Low-volume functional parts describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Injection molding optimized for relatively small production quantities compared with conventional mass-production molding.

• Injection Molding

Support flexible batch quantities while maintaining the same digital cutting process used during prototype validation.

• Production & Supply Chain

Low-volume production parts describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Laser Powder Bed Fusion is the broader process category covering laser-based metal powder fusion.

• 3D Printing

Injection molding using liquid silicone rubber.

• Injection Molding

M-Code describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Machine Envelope is an element of the equipment or tooling used in cnc machining. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• CNC Machining

Machine identification is an element of the equipment or tooling used in 3d printing. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• 3D Printing

Machine platform is an element of the equipment or tooling used in 3d printing. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• 3D Printing

Machine Vise is an element of the equipment or tooling used in cnc machining. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• CNC Machining

The fixed origin established by the machine manufacturer.

• CNC Machining

Machining Center is a cnc machining operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

Machining datums is a cnc machining operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

Machining Operations is a cnc machining operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

Machining Parameters is a cnc machining operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

Magnesium Die Casting describes a distinct operation within die casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Die Casting

Maintenance responsibility is an element of the equipment or tooling used in tooling & mold making. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• Tooling & Mold Making

Male Mold is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Compression Molding

Manifold describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

Manifolds identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Manual Deburring is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in surface finishing. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Surface Finishing

Part marking, hardware installation and subassembly can be coordinated according to project requirements.

• Assembly

Martensitic Stainless Steel is a stainless-steel grade or family selected for a particular balance of corrosion resistance, strength, heat-treatment response and machinability. The exact specification, product form, supply condition and any passivation requirement should be defined before production.

• Materials

Masking areas is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

Masking verification is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• Engineering & Design

Master Model describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Urethane Casting

Master Pattern describes a distinct operation within urethane casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Urethane Casting

Master patterns describes a distinct operation within urethane casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Urethane Casting

Matched Die Mold is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Compression Molding

Material identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Material consumption identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Material elongation describes a distinct operation within assembly. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Assembly

An additive process where material is pushed through a nozzle to build a component.

• 3D Printing

Material identification describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

An additive process where droplets of build material are selectively deposited and cured.

• 3D Printing

Material or required material properties describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Material Removal Rate (MRR) is a controlled cnc machining variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• CNC Machining

Material verification is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• CNC Machining

Mating housings is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

Mechanical assemblies identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Machined, fabricated and polymer components can be combined into end effectors, housings and other mechanical subassemblies.

• Assembly

Mechanical brackets describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Mechanical components identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Mechanical movement describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Mechanical Polishing is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Mechanical prototypes describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Mechanical-property requirements describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Mechanical-property testing describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

The temperature of the polymer melt before or during injection.

• Injection Molding

Metal 3D Printing describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Metal alloy identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• 3D Printing

Binder jetting applied to metal powder, normally followed by debinding and sintering.

• 3D Printing

Micro Injection Molding is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Precision manufacturing of very small parts or features, often involving miniature cutting tools and tightly controlled processes.

• CNC Machining

Micrometers is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• Quality & Inspection

MIG Welding describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Mild Steel is a steel grade or family used for structural, machined, formed or tooling components. Carbon and alloy content determine hardenability, strength, toughness, weldability and machining behavior, while the ordered condition and heat treatment determine final performance.

• Materials

Mill-Turn Machining is a cnc machining operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

Minimum Bend Radius is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

A machining technique that delivers a small controlled amount of lubricant rather than conventional flood coolant.

• CNC Machining

Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Misrun is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in die casting. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Die Casting

Mist Coolant describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Mixing Ratio is a controlled urethane casting variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Urethane Casting

Multi Jet Fusion uses fusing and detailing agents combined with thermal energy to produce polymer parts.

• 3D Printing

Mobile Robot Chassis describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Modification responsibility is an element of the equipment or tooling used in tooling & mold making. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• Tooling & Mold Making

Modular Fixture is an element of the equipment or tooling used in cnc machining. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• CNC Machining

Moisture describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

A precision tool containing cavities that define the geometry of molded components.

• Injection Molding

The structural assembly supporting mold inserts, cavities, cores, ejector systems and other tooling components.

• Injection Molding

Mold Box is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Urethane Casting

Mold Cavity is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Mold Charge is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Compression Molding

Mold Cooling is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Mold Core is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Computer simulation of polymer flow, cooling and related behavior inside an injection mold.

• Injection Molding

A separate component installed into a mold to form specific features or simplify tooling maintenance.

• Injection Molding

The number of acceptable parts a mold can produce before wear or damage affects quality.

• Injection Molding
• Urethane Casting
• Compression Molding
• Tooling & Mold Making

Mold Open Time is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Mold Plate is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Mold Release is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Urethane Casting

A material applied to tooling to reduce adhesion and support clean part removal.

• Urethane Casting
• Compression Molding

Mold Shrinkage is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Mold Split is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Urethane Casting

The controlled operating temperature of the mold.

• Injection Molding

Mold Temperature Controller is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Mold Texture is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Mold Tooling is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Molded Insert is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Molded-In Thread is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Molding Defects is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Molding Pressure is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Compression Molding

Most geometry is accessible to cutting tools is an element of the equipment or tooling used in cnc machining. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• CNC Machining

Rigid mounting components designed to maintain motor, encoder, camera and sensor position during operation.

• Engineering & Design

Motor and gearbox mounting datums is a verification concept used to translate requirements into measurable manufacturing evidence. A useful specification defines what is checked, by which method, at what frequency and against which acceptance limit.

• Quality & Inspection

Mounting components identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Mounting interfaces describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Moving interfaces describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Multi Jet Fusion describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Multi-Axis Machining is a cnc machining operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

A mold containing multiple cavities that produce several identical components during each cycle.

• Injection Molding

Multi-Shot Molding is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Multiple components consolidated into one part describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

A starting workpiece already close to final geometry, reducing the amount of material that must be removed.

• CNC Machining

Nested geometries describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Arrange multiple parts efficiently across the sheet to improve material utilization and reduce unnecessary scrap.

• Materials

Nesting density is a controlled production & supply chain variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Production & Supply Chain

Neutral Axis identifies a controlled machine direction. On multi-axis equipment it defines either linear travel or rotation used to orient the tool and workpiece, affecting feature access, setup count and interpolation strategy.

• Sheet Metal

Nibbling describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Nickel Plating is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Nose Radius is a controlled cnc machining variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• CNC Machining

Notch describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Notching describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Nozzle describes a distinct operation within injection molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Injection Molding

Nylon identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• 3D Printing

O1 is an oil-hardening cold-work tool steel with good machinability and a useful balance of hardness and wear resistance. It is common in gauges, cutting tools and smaller dies, but oil quenching requires allowance for dimensional movement.

• Tooling & Mold Making

Offset Bend is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

One-off prototypes through low-volume requirements describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

One-off prototypes through nested batch production describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Orientation describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Other NDT methods describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Outside Bend Radius is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

Overcast describes a distinct operation within urethane casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Urethane Casting

Overflow describes a distinct operation within die casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Die Casting

Overhang describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Molding one material over an existing substrate or previously molded component.

• Injection Molding

PA11 describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

PA12 describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

PA12, PA11 and selected filled nylon options identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• 3D Printing

Pack Time is a controlled injection molding variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Injection Molding

The molding stage where pressure continues after initial filling to compensate for material shrinkage.

• Injection Molding

Packing Pressure is a controlled injection molding variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Injection Molding

Pad Printing is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

Paint defects is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in quality & inspection. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Quality & Inspection

Paint thickness describes a distinct operation within assembly. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Assembly

Painted color and surface condition describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Painted prototypes identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Painting describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Painting and presentation finishing is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• 3D Printing

Equipment panels, access covers and protective components with complex openings or ventilation patterns.

• Production & Supply Chain

Parameter set describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Parameter-set status describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Parkerizing is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

Part consolidation provides little benefit describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Part identification describes a distinct operation within production & supply chain. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Production & Supply Chain

Part number describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Part orientation describes a distinct operation within production & supply chain. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Production & Supply Chain

Part size describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

A turning operation that cuts a completed component from bar stock.

• CNC Machining

The visible line or interface where two mold halves meet.

• Injection Molding

Parts requiring reduced flex identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Passivation is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Peak load is a controlled engineering & design variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Engineering & Design

Peck Drilling is a cnc machining operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

PEEK identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• 3D Printing

PEI describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

PEM Fastener describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Peripheral Milling is a cnc machining operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

PETG describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Phosphate Coating is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Phosphor Bronze is a copper-based material selected for combinations of conductivity, corrosion resistance, bearing behavior or machinability. Exact composition and temper affect cutting behavior, forming, joining and service performance.

• Materials

Photopolymer Resin identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• 3D Printing

Piercing describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Stabilize drawings, materials, fixtures, finishing and inspection requirements across a controlled production batch.

• Production & Supply Chain

A small circular gate commonly used with multi-cavity or three-plate molds.

• Injection Molding

PLA describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Plasma Cutting is a sheet metal operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• Sheet Metal

Injection molding specifically using thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer materials.

• Injection Molding

Flat material typically thicker than sheet and used as stock for machining or fabrication.

• CNC Machining

Platen describes a distinct operation within compression molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Compression Molding

Plunge Milling is a cnc machining operation used to create or finish defined part geometry. Tool selection, engagement, speed, feed, workholding and stock condition must be coordinated to achieve the required size, form and surface finish.

• CNC Machining

Plunger describes a distinct operation within die casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Die Casting

Pneumatic channels describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Pocket describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

A milling operation used to remove material from an enclosed region of a part.

• CNC Machining

Pockets describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Polishing is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• 3D Printing

A material-jetting technology that deposits and cures small droplets of photopolymer.

• 3D Printing

Polymer 3D Printing identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• 3D Printing

Polyurethane Casting describes a distinct operation within urethane casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Urethane Casting

Polyurethane Resin identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Urethane Casting

Porosity is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in die casting. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Die Casting

Post Cure describes a distinct operation within compression molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Compression Molding

Post Processing describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Post Processor describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Post-cure condition describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Additional light or heat exposure after printing or molding to complete cure and stabilize material properties.

• 3D Printing
• Urethane Casting

Post-cut flatness is a verification concept used to translate requirements into measurable manufacturing evidence. A useful specification defines what is checked, by which method, at what frequency and against which acceptance limit.

• CNC Machining

Post-finish dimensional inspection is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• Surface Finishing

Post-finish dimensions is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Pot Life describes a distinct operation within urethane casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Urethane Casting

An additive manufacturing family where thermal energy selectively fuses regions of a powder bed.

• 3D Printing

Powder Coating is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Powder evacuation describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Powder lot traceability is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• 3D Printing

Powder or material lot where required describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Powder removal describes a distinct operation within production & supply chain. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Production & Supply Chain

Powder specification describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steel is a stainless-steel grade or family selected for a particular balance of corrosion resistance, strength, heat-treatment response and machinability. The exact specification, product form, supply condition and any passivation requirement should be defined before production.

• Materials

Control bearing bores, shaft fits, mounting datums, parallelism and positional relationships that influence joint and actuator alignment.

• Engineering & Design

Precision bores describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Precision dimensions describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Precision holes describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Precision interfaces, bearing fits and joint geometry describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Precision Joint Housing describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Manufacturing components using controlled machining processes to achieve specified dimensions, tolerances, geometries and surface requirements.

• CNC Machining

Precision mating features describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Produce shims, panels, covers, chassis blanks and other components where accurate flat geometry is critical.

• Engineering & Design

Precision Sheet Metal Bracket describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Preform describes a distinct operation within compression molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Compression Molding

Preparation defects before painting is a controlled engineering & design variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Engineering & Design

Prepare parts for further finishing is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Prepreg describes a distinct operation within compression molding. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Compression Molding

Presentation components identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Presentation models describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• 3D Printing

Presentation prototypes describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Press Brake describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Pressure is a controlled engineering & design variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Engineering & Design

Pressure testing is a controlled engineering & design variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Engineering & Design

Pressure-Tight Casting is a controlled die casting variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Die Casting

Print time is a controlled engineering & design variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Engineering & Design

Printing Materials describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Process capability is used to establish objective evidence that a part or process meets its requirements. The drawing, measurement method, sampling level, equipment capability and record format should be agreed before production.

• Quality & Inspection

Processes: DMLS / SLM metal powder-bed fusion describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Product prototypes describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Production Bridge describes a distinct operation within urethane casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Urethane Casting

Production Injection Molding is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Production prototypes is an element of the equipment or tooling used in tooling & mold making. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• Tooling & Mold Making

Production-intent materials for functional prototypes identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Production: Prototypes and low-volume complex parts describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Produce external profiles from simple plates and brackets to complex nested geometries with repeatable cut paths.

• Engineering & Design

Machining along the external or internal contour of a component.

• CNC Machining

A GD&T control defining the allowable three-dimensional variation around a specified surface or line profile.

• Quality & Inspection
• Engineering & Design

Multiple operations are performed as coil stock moves through successive die stations. Suitable for repeat production of complex parts requiring high throughput and consistent geometry.

• Sheet Metal

Progressive sanding identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Progressive-Die Terminal describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Progressive, compound and deep-draw stamping identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Sheet Metal

Project-specific coupons where agreed describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Use CNC machining and additive manufacturing to test geometry, movement and basic assembly concepts quickly.

• Production & Supply Chain

Protected surfaces describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Protective components describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Protective covers describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Protective parts identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Prototype dies, soft tooling and alternative fabrication processes can validate geometry before investment in full production tooling.

• Sheet Metal

Prototype and production tooling is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Sheet Metal

Injection molding intended primarily for design validation, testing, bridge production or early-market quantities.

• Injection Molding

Prototype through repeat production describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Prototype to Stamped Production describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Lower-cost or faster tooling intended to validate design or support limited quantities before production tooling.

• Injection Molding
• Tooling & Mold Making

Laser cutting, CNC machining, bending, soft tooling or prototype dies can be used to validate fit, forming behavior and assembly requirements.

• Tooling & Mold Making

Prototype-to-Production Assembly describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

PTFE describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Punching describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Punching supports repeat features, while stamping provides an efficient route when production volumes justify dedicated tooling.

• Sheet Metal

PVD Coating is a surface-finishing operation or requirement used to change appearance, corrosion resistance, wear, conductivity or cleanliness. Substrate preparation, coating buildup, masking, color limits and inspection criteria must be defined for repeatable results.

• Surface Finishing

Qualification or documentation requirements describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Qualification requirements describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Quantity describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Ra is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

Rack or contact-mark restrictions is an unwanted condition that can affect appearance, dimensions, strength or function in surface finishing. Evaluation should distinguish cosmetic evidence from functional nonconformance and use process data to identify the actual root cause.

• Surface Finishing

Radial Depth of Cut is a controlled cnc machining variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• CNC Machining

Raft describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Rake Angle is a controlled cnc machining variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• CNC Machining

Rapid design iteration without changing manufacturing partners is a controlled engineering & design variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Engineering & Design

Injection molding using accelerated tooling and production methods to manufacture prototype or low-volume molded parts quickly.

• Injection Molding

Produce functional metal parts without waiting for dedicated tooling. Updated CAD geometry can move quickly into the next design iteration.

• Production & Supply Chain

Rapid Prototyping describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Rapid Tooling & Low-Volume Injection Molding is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Injection Molding

Reamer is an element of the equipment or tooling used in cnc machining. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• CNC Machining

A precision hole-finishing process used to improve hole diameter, roundness and surface quality.

• CNC Machining

Release Agent describes a distinct operation within urethane casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Urethane Casting

Relief Angle is a controlled cnc machining variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• CNC Machining

Remove residual powder identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Surface Finishing

Once the process is approved, controlled tooling, material specifications, press parameters and inspection requirements can be carried into repeat releases.

• Tooling & Mold Making

Repeat production with controlled tooling and inspection is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Sheet Metal

Repeated assembly describes a distinct operation within assembly. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Assembly

Repeated load is a controlled engineering & design variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Engineering & Design

Repeated-use conditions describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

A removable mold component that can be replaced without rebuilding the complete mold.

• Injection Molding

Replacement components describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Replacement conditions is an element of the equipment or tooling used in tooling & mold making. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• Tooling & Mold Making

Fast-turn prototypes and production-intent parts for new robotic mechanisms and experimental systems.

• Engineering & Design

Residual powder identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Surface Finishing

Resin identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Assembly

Resin identification identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• 3D Printing

Resin Mixing identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Urethane Casting

Resin or functional requirement identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• 3D Printing

Resistance Welding describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Resolution describes a distinct operation within 3d printing. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• 3D Printing

Revision describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Revision control describes a distinct operation within production & supply chain. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Production & Supply Chain

A thin reinforcing wall added to increase stiffness without creating a thick solid section.

• Injection Molding

Ribs describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Rigid fixtures is an element of the equipment or tooling used in tooling & mold making. It contributes to locating, shaping, supporting, feeding or releasing the part and therefore affects repeatability, access and maintenance.

• Tooling & Mold Making

Rigid housings identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Rigid Urethane describes a distinct operation within urethane casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Urethane Casting

Rivet Nut describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

Riveting describes a distinct operation within sheet metal. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Sheet Metal

RMS is a post-process used to modify a manufactured surface. Its result depends on base material, pre-treatment, thickness or material removal, masking and the agreed visual or functional standard.

• Surface Finishing

Machined, fabricated and sheet metal structures for robot bases, mobile platforms, automation cells and equipment frames.

• Engineering & Design

Robotics components identifies a material, grade or material condition used in manufacturing. Selection should be based on mechanical, thermal, chemical and regulatory requirements as well as availability in the required product form.

• Materials

Roll Forming is a sheet-metal forming feature or operation that plastically changes flat stock without removing material. Material grade, thickness, grain direction, inside radius, tooling and springback determine the developed geometry and final accuracy.

• Sheet Metal

Room Temperature Vulcanizing is a controlled urethane casting variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Urethane Casting

Root radius is a controlled assembly variable that directly affects material flow, heat transfer, tool loading, cycle time or final part quality. The target and allowable range should be established through material data, machine capability and process validation.

• Assembly

Rotary Axis identifies a controlled machine direction. On multi-axis equipment it defines either linear travel or rotation used to orient the tool and workpiece, affecting feature access, setup count and interpolation strategy.

• CNC Machining

Rotary Table describes a distinct operation within cnc machining. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• CNC Machining

Rotating components describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

The initial machining stage used to remove large amounts of material quickly before finishing operations.

• CNC Machining

Round edges describes an engineering requirement or design consideration that affects how a part is made and verified. It should be resolved in relation to functional interfaces, datums, material behavior and realistic process capability.

• Engineering & Design

Revolutions per minute. A common measurement of spindle or workpiece rotational speed.

• CNC Machining

RTV Silicone describes a distinct operation within urethane casting. Its role in the manufacturing sequence, compatible materials, geometry limits and downstream inspection requirements determine when it is appropriate.

• Urethane Casting

Rubber Compression Molding is part of the production tooling system used to shape, feed, cool or release a molded component. Its geometry influences filling, cycle time, parting-line condition, dimensional repeatability and tool maintenance.

• Compression Molding

A channel that distributes molten polymer from the sprue to one or more cavities.

• Injection Molding